Nine Questions to Determine If a Business is Truly an Excellent One

When we think of investing in great businesses we normally try to put on a famous investor’s hat to go with our line of thinking.  Maybe it helps us make better decisions, or maybe, it’s just fun to pretend like we’re Warren Buffett and we’re making investing decisions that will alter the course of history.

I have found that it is easier break this part of the analysis into a series of questions.  Warren Buffett uses a similar approach when he is trying to determine the presence of the consumer monopoly, exceptional business economics, and shareholder-oriented management.

Let’s ask the following questions:

1. Does the business have an identifiable consumer monopoly? 
2. Are the earnings of the company strong and showing an upward trend?
3. Is the company conservatively financed?
4. Does the business consistently earn a high rate of return on shareholder’s equity?
5. Does the business get to retain its earnings?
6. How much does the business have to spend on maintaining current operations?
7. Is the company free to invest retained earnings in new business opportunities, expansion of operations, or share repurchases?  How good a job does the management do at this?
8. Is the company free to adjust prices to inflation?
9. Will the value added by retained earnings increase the market value of the company?

These nine thoughts should spark revelation.  Kind of like trying to figure out if your blind date is a hopeful for the altar.  Ever been married?  Been to college?  Has a good job?  Does he or she snore?

We should do the same thing when we allocate capital to investment. 

As Warren says, “it is better that one act like a Catholic and marry for life.”

Be Proactive Instead of Reactive

We’re probably the only firm in the investment business who doesn’t have CNBC blaring in the background of the office.  We do have computers that can stream live TV but usually it’s to keep up with shows like The Office or World Cup (when they were showing it).  But we rarely tune into CNBC.  One reason is that I’m afraid of what I’ll do if I’m inundated with news all day.

I can see why people get caught up in short-term thinking watching CNBC.  One day feels like a lifetime given all the stuff that is reported each day.  This company’s earnings.  That company’s lawsuit. This new CEO.  That new product.  This hot new IPO.  That new technology.

And the opinions.  Everybody has an opinion on Wall Street, and CNBC makes sure you know everyone’s opinion.  Every minute of every day. 

It’s enough to drive you nuts.  Or at the very least, enough to make you do things in your investment program that you shouldn’t. 

If you asked the reporters at CNBC if what they’re reporting has lasting significance, I doubt they could say yes, and mean it.  So why do they report it?  Because they have a bunch of time to fill.  So they tell you what the producer price index did this month.  They tell you that payrolls declined 2% for the month.  They tell you of analysts downgrades, upgrades, and opinions.  Does any of this truly matter in the long run?  No.

Reacting to news on CNBC or any other financial media outlet is a loser’s game simply because this information may be “news” only to you.  You are not first on the information food chain.  If you read about something in the Wall Street Journal, you’re not alone.  Millions of other investors also read it, and millions more investors knew about it 24 hours earlier when the “news” actually took place.  It’s silly to think that what you hear on CNBC gives you a leg up in the information game.  Chances are, the stock already is reflecting the information by the time you decide to move on the “news.”

Don’t get chased out of stocks (or any financial instrument) simply because of a single news event that the financial media trumpets as being important.  Chances are, that news event is some trivial piece of data whose primary value is to fill air time.

Overcoming Investing Hurdles

I’m sure you have many reasons for not starting an investment program.

• No money.
• No knowledge.
• No time.
• No broker.
• Too old.
• Too young.

I’m sure you think these are legitimate reasons.  They are not. 

There are no good excuses for not investing.  I don’t care how young or not so young you are.  How rich or not so rich you are.  How much you know or don’t know.  It has never been easier or cheaper to invest. 

If you have just $50, there are literally hundreds of investment opportunities awaiting for you, including with our own firm, CAM Trading.  If your employer offers a 401(k) plan, you can invest as little as 1% of your salary.  That means if you make $400 a week, you can invest as little as $4.00. 

Four bucks.

And you don’t need a broker to invest.  You can buy some of the best companies in the world without a broker and for little or no fees.  Nor do you need a broker to buy some of the best mutual funds in the business. 

In short, there are no excuses for not investing.  So, start now and get in the habit of it, you’ll appreciate the results in the future!

Start Them While They’re Young

If your youngster shows an interest in investing, it has never been easier to get him or her started regardless of age.  Once an individual reaches the age of majority (eighteen years in most states), he or she may have an investment account registered solely in his or her name.  Youngsters under the age of eighteen are not permitted to have their own brokerage accounts.  However, several ways exist for parents to introduce interested youngsters to investing. 
Dividend reinvestment plans (DRIPs) may provide an interesting investment vehicle for kids.  Many child-familiar companies offer DRIPs-Walt Disney, Mattel, just to to name examples.  Since many DRIPs permit very small investments, the programs are a good way for youngsters with limited funds to start investing in the stock market.  Through Sharebuilder, youngsters can have an account setup for them to buy stocks in specific dollar amounts automatically.  Don’t have $300 to afford a share of Apple stock?  No problem, Sharebuilder offers fractional share purchases.
If you decide to establish an investment account for a minor, consider carefully how you want the account registered. If you choose to have the account in your own name, you will be responsible for taxes on the account.  The good thing is you will also retain complete control over the account for as long as you want. 
An alternative is to set up the account as a Uniform Gift to Minors Account (UGMA) through reputable brokers like Rydex, Fidelity and Cam Trading. Funds in the account are in the minor’s name and Social Security number and are considered to be owned by the minor.  Dividends paid on the account are taxable, most likely at a preferred tax rate.  The adult custodian is responsible for the account until the minor reaches the age of majority.  Parental control is lost at the age of majority, which can be seen as a downside to UGMAs. 
Lastly, certificates of deposit and savings bonds are okay investments, kids should own stocks or stock mutual funds.  Risk is the last thing your child needs to worry about in an investing program.  He or she needs to capitalize fully on the power of time in their investment program as they have the advantage of time working for them.